The definition of finished fermenting varies from person to person, and apparently quite a lot. You're the first on this forum I've seen targeting as low at 1.5x. The model targets 1.7 - 2.0x, so your results are right in line with the expectation. There are all sorts of variables that can affect the results other than the variability of the specific tarter flora. For example, starter activity when used, water and flour temp, mixing time, differential between finished dough temp and fermentation temp, stability of fermentation temp, dough hydration, salt and sugar %, etc.